10.4 Adjectives

p.418

Adjective - a word that modifies a noun or pronoun by limiting its meaning

round window     six oranges     that hat     adult cat

romantic story     many ideas     these books     Italian food

• Possessive pronouns, such as our and his, can be considered adjectives because they modify nouns in addition to acting in their usual function.

Some adjectives have different forms to indicate degree of comparison.

• Articles - are the adjectives a, an, and the. A and an are indefinite articles. The is a definite article.  

• Proper Adjectives - are formed from a proper noun and begin with a capital letter.

Rembrandt was a Dutch painter.

The Berlin Wall came down in 1989.

• The following suffixes are often used to create proper adjectives: -an, -ian, -

-n, -ese, -ish.

Proper Nouns      Proper Adjectives

10.5 Adverbs

p. 422

Adverb - a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb by making its meaning more specific.

Extremely odd styles sometimes become rather surprisingly popular.

• Adverbs modify by answering the questions when? where? how? and to what degree?

 Some adverbs have different forms to indicate degree of comparison.

• When an adverb modifies a verb, it may be placed in various positions in relation to the verb:

Finally the storm is ending.

The storm finally is ending.

The storm is finally ending.

• When an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, it immediately precedes the word:

The snow was quite heavy.

It almost never snows this heavy in Ramsey.

• Negative Words as Adverbs

The word not and the contraction n’t are considered adverbs. Other negative words can function as adverbs of time and place.

The plane has not landed. They have hardly boarded.

The plane is nowhere in sight. I have never flown.